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This common energy storage molecule breaks down into sugar monomers

Glucose is the body’s most readily available source of energy. After digestive processes break polysaccharides down into monosaccharides, including glucose, the monosaccharides are transported across the wall of the small intestine and into the circulatory system, which transports
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29 Chapter 29: Energy Sources Carbohydrates and Lipids

Hydrolysis. Polymers break down into monomers during hydrolysis: a chemical reaction in which inserting a water molecule breaks a covalent bond (Figure 29.2). During these reactions, the polymer breaks into two components: one part gains a hydrogen atom (H +) and the other gains a hydroxyl molecule (OH –) from a split water molecule.. Figure 29.2 In the hydrolysis reaction

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Biological Macromolecules – Types, Structure, Functions, Examples

Carbohydrates consist of sugar monomers, which link to form complex structures such as starch and cellulose, providing energy storage and structural support in plants. Proteins are made up of amino acid monomers that combine in specific sequences to create polypeptides.

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Carbohydrate metabolism

Glycolysis is the process of breaking down a glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules, while storing energy released during this process as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). [2] Nearly all organisms that break down glucose utilize glycolysis. [2] Glucose regulation and product use are the primary categories in which these pathways

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Starch

Structure of the amylose molecule Structure of the amylopectin molecule. Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of numerous glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds.This polysaccharide is produced by most green plants for energy storage. Worldwide, it is the most common carbohydrate in human diets, and is contained in large amounts in staple foods such

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29 Chapter 29: Energy Sources Carbohydrates and

Hydrolysis. Polymers break down into monomers during hydrolysis: a chemical reaction in which inserting a water molecule breaks a covalent bond (Figure 29.2). During these reactions, the polymer breaks into two components: one part

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Biology 2e, The Chemistry of Life, Biological Macromolecules

The stoichiometric formula (CH 2 O) n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This formula also explains the origin of the term "carbohydrate": the components are carbon ("carbo") and the components of water (hence, "hydrate").

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Overview of Metabolic Reactions | Anatomy and Physiology II

catabolic reactions: reactions that break down larger molecules into their constituent parts. FADH 2: high-energy molecule needed for glycolysis. flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD): coenzyme used to produce FADH 2. metabolism: sum of all catabolic and anabolic reactions that take place in the body. NADH: high-energy molecule needed for glycolysis

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Bio Multiple choice #2 Flashcards

Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following best describes the hydrolysis of carbohydrates? A The removal of a water molecule breaks a covalent bond between sugar monomers. B The removal of a water molecule forms a covalent bond between sugar monomers. C The addition of a water molecule breaks a covalent bond

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2.3: Biological Molecules

Lactose is a disaccharide consisting of the monomers glucose and galactose. It is found naturally in milk. Maltose, or malt sugar, is a disaccharide formed from a dehydration reaction between two glucose molecules. The most common disaccharide is sucrose, or table sugar, which is composed of the monomers glucose and fructose.

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Biology Basics: Concept 3: Macromolecules Flashcards

List the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Monomer- Monosaccharides single sugar molecules, Polymer- polysaccharides large sugar molecules Lipids: Monomer- Fatty Acids, Polymer Protein- no "main function" because proteins do so much Carbohydrates- energy storage (short term) Lipids- energy

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Anatomy and Physiology, Energy, Maintenance, and

The energy released is used to power the cells and systems that make up your body. Excess or unutilized energy is stored as fat or glycogen for later use. Carbohydrate metabolism begins in the mouth, where the enzyme salivary amylase begins to break down complex sugars into monosaccharides.

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Chapter 3 Flashcards

Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of these are monomers? cellulose amino acid lactose protein glucose, Which two statements are true about dehydration synthesis? Monomers or polymers are joined to form longer chains. Polymers are broken down into shorter chains or monomers. An OH group from one component and an H atom from the

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Sucrose

Plants use sucrose as a storage molecule. For quick energy, cells may store the sugar for later use. If far too much is accumulated, plants may begin to combine the complex sugars like sucrose into even large and denser molecules, like starches. These molecules, and oily lipids, are the main storage chemicals used by plants.

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7.6: Connections of Carbohydrate, Protein, and

Glycogen, a polymer of glucose, is an energy storage molecule in animals. When there is adequate ATP present, excess glucose is shunted into glycogen for storage. Glycogen is made and stored in both liver and muscle. The glycogen will be hydrolyzed into glucose monomers (G-1-P) if blood sugar levels drop.

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Carbohydrates – Biology

Cellulases can break down cellulose into glucose monomers that can be used as an energy source by the animal. Termites are also able to break down cellulose because of the presence of other organisms in their bodies that secrete cellulases. whereas amylopectin, a constituent of starch, is a highly branched molecule. Storage of glucose, in

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4.1 Biological Molecules – Human Biology

Cellulases can break down cellulose into glucose monomers that can be used as an energy source by the animal. carbohydrates are able to serve the very different functions of energy storage (starch and glycogen) and structural support and Each nitrogenous base in a nucleotide is attached to a sugar molecule, which is attached to a

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Disaccharide: Definition, Examples, Function

Since it is an energy storage source, many plants such as sugar cane are high in sucrose. Trehalose is used for transport in some algae and fungi. Plants also store energy in polysaccharides, which are many monosaccharides put together. Starch is the most common polysaccharide used for storage in plants, and it is broken down into maltose.

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Carbohydrates | OpenStax Biology 2e

Enzymes break down the starch that humans consume. For example, an amylase present in saliva catalyzes, or breaks down this starch into smaller molecules, such as maltose and glucose. The cells can then absorb the glucose. Glucose starch comprises monomers that are joined by α 1-4 or α 1-6 glycosidic bonds. The numbers 1-4 and 1-6 refer to

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3.3 Biological Macromolecules – Introduction to Human Biology

Cellulases can break down cellulose into glucose monomers that can be used as an energy source by the animal. Thus, through differences in molecular structure, carbohydrates are able to serve the very different functions of energy storage (starch and glycogen) and structural support and protection (cellulose) (Figure 2.14).

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Metabolism – Anatomy and Physiology

Cells are small and they cannot use macromolecules such as polysaccharides and lipids directly for energy; instead, these nutrients must be broken down into monomers, and the energy released is used to form ATP (Figure 24.7). ATP is a molecule that is used by all cells as energy to perform work.

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Chapter 3 Flashcards

A. They break down nutrients into simpler components. B. They speed up chemical reactions in the cell. C. They selectively transport nutrients and wastes into and out of the cell. D. They help the cell create ATP for energy., Select all that apply. Identify the three components of an amino acid. A. Acid group B. Amino group C. Base group D.

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2.4: Sugars

No headers. Sugars, and glucose in particular, are important molecules for cells because they are the primary energy source. Sugars have the general chemical formula CH 2 O and can be joined together almost infinitely for storage. However, because they are hydrophilic, they allow water molecules to intercalate between them, and cannot pack as efficiently as fats, which are

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24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism – Anatomy and Physiology

Polysaccharides serve as energy storage (e.g., starch and glycogen) and as structural components (e.g., chitin in insects and cellulose in plants). During digestion, carbohydrates are broken down into simple, soluble sugars that can be transported across the intestinal wall into the circulatory system to be transported throughout the body.

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About This common energy storage molecule breaks down into sugar monomers

About This common energy storage molecule breaks down into sugar monomers

Glucose is the body’s most readily available source of energy. After digestive processes break polysaccharides down into monosaccharides, including glucose, the monosaccharides are transported across the wall of the small intestine and into the circulatory system, which transports them to the liver.

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6 FAQs about [This common energy storage molecule breaks down into sugar monomers]

Which molecule is a storage form of glucose?

Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in humans and other vertebrates, and is made up of monomers of glucose. Glycogen is the animal equivalent of starch and is a highly branched molecule usually stored in liver and muscle cells. Whenever glucose levels decrease, glycogen is broken down to release glucose.

How are glucose monomers linked in unbranched chains?

In cellulose, glucose monomers are linked in unbranched chains by β 1-4 glycosidic linkages. Because of the way the glucose subunits are joined, every glucose monomer is flipped relative to the next one resulting in a linear, fibrous structure.

What is the structure of branched glucose monomer chains?

Branched glucose monomer chains comprise amylopectin by α 1-4 and α 1-6 glycosidic linkages. Because of the way the subunits are joined, the glucose chains have a helical structure. Glycogen (not shown) is similar in structure to amylopectin but more highly branched.

How is cellulose made up of glucose monomers?

Cellulose is made up of glucose monomers that are linked by bonds between particular carbon atoms in the glucose molecule. Every other glucose monomer in cellulose is flipped over and packed tightly as extended long chains (see Figure 4). This gives cellulose its rigidity and high tensile strength—which is so important to plant cells.

How is starch broken down?

The starch that is consumed by humans is broken down by enzymes, such as salivary amylases, into smaller molecules, such as maltose and glucose. The cells can then absorb the glucose. Starch is made up of glucose monomers that are joined by α 1-4 or α 1-6 glycosidic bonds.

What molecule breaks down a glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules?

Glycolysis is the process of breaking down a glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules, while storing energy released during this process as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). [ 2 ] Nearly all organisms that break down glucose utilize glycolysis. [ 2 ]

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